In this episode, Professor Escudier from Gustave Roussy, a major cancer center in Paris France, discusses the advances in kidney cancer treatment over the past 30 years. Professor Escudier discusses the significance of the Keynote 564, the first positive trial in adjuvant renal cell cancer. He explains how these findings impact first-line treatment decisions for metastatic kidney cancer. He discusses the differences between cure, complete response and the role of the MDT, clinical and pathological biomarkers in treatment selection. Professor Escudier especially covers the questions that he patient should their doctors concerning their renal cancer and defines the differences between Clear Cell and Non-Clear Cell renal cancer treatment outcomes and expectations.